(6,7) One approach is cooling by a physical endotherm (sensible heat), which represents a fixed amount of heat absorbed due to a temperature increase. ![]() (2−5) They involve several cooling approaches. To resolve this issue, cooling technologies using liquid hydrocarbon fuels have been proposed recently. The methods based on cryogenic fuels (such as liquid hydrogen) require storage tanks with relatively high capacities due to the low density of these fuels, causing safety problems. ![]() ![]() (1) Various cooling technologies using cryogenic or liquid hydrocarbon fuels have been developed to reduce the frictional heat of hypersonic vehicles. During the flight of a hypersonic vehicle, the temperature of the aircraft surface reaches 3300 ☌ due to frictional heat, leading to serious problems such as structural deformation and electronic equipment failure.
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